Basic Question Of Philosophi (General Essay)

Abstract

As known, main problem of man – to survive and to develop. For his decision necessary knowledge are about the surrounding world and about a man. By such method our distant ancestors created a world view. His basic question is a question about the relation of man and world. Aspiration deeply to investigate world view questions resulted in creation of philosophy, basic question of which remained question about the relation of man and world. It determines an object and structure of philosophical knowledge. Philosophy became the first science that embraced all knowledge of people in that time. Afterwards from its separate industries that became independent sciences were distinguished. The basic question of philosophy has a personality value, as it lies in fundament of the personal philosophical looks of man, the kernel of that imagines his presentation sense of life. In ХІХ of century in the countries of Western Europe a proletariat went out on a political arena. He needed own ideology. It was created by К. Marx and F. Engels. For the theoretical ground of new ideology they created dialectical and historical materialism as abstract theoretical philosophical system; as a basic question of that a question comes forward about the relation of maximum essences of the world, most fundamental philosophical categories, – ideal and material (consciousness, spirit and matter, existence). It consists of two questions, has two sides: that is primary - material or ideal, and whether it is possible to man to know the world. The founders of marxism proclaimed priority of matter, existence and secondaryness of consciousness, spirit. It lies in fundament of basic question of class ideology is a question about a right on a leading role in society. In such variant the basic question of philosophy has a class value. The basic question of philosophy has a value also for all society, as a decision of sharp global problems (removal of threat of nuclear war, overcoming of consequences of ecocatastrophe) must lean on the corresponding decision of this question. Here it follows to appeal to the Hegel idea of overcoming of contradictions by harmonization of oppositions.